The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India (Volume 7)

by Govt. of India

Vol I: Contents:

• Preface.
• Introduction.
• Monographs 

1. Ajagandha (Sd.) (Cleome gynandra Linn.)
2. Ajamoda (Frt.) (Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.V.M. ex Benth.)
3. Amalaki (Fr. Frt. Pulp) (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
4. Amalaki (Drd. Frt.) (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.)
5. Aragvadha (Frt. Pulp.) (Cassia fistula Linn.)
6. Arka (Rt.) (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.)
7. Arka (Lf.) (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.)
8. Asana (Ht. Wd.) (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.)
9. Ashoka (St. Bk.) (Saraca asoca (Rosc.) DC. Willd.)
10. Asvagandha (Rt.) (Withania somnifera Dunal.)
11. Asvattha (Bk.) (Ficus religiosa Linn.)
12. Atasi (Sd.) (Linum usitatissimum Linn.)
13. Atibala (Rt.) (Abutilon indicum (Linn.) Sw.)
14. Ativisa (Rt.) (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle)
15. Babbula (St. Bk.) (Acacia nilotica (Linn.) Willd. ex Del. sp. indica (Benth.) Brenan)
16. Bakuci (Frt.) (Psoralea corylifolia Linn.)
17. Bibhitaka (Frt.) (Terminalia belerica Roxb.)
18. Bilva (Frt. Pulp) (Aegle marmelos Corr.)
19. Candrasura (Sd.) (Lepidium sativum Linn.)
20. Citraka (Rt.) (Plumbago zeylanica Linn.)
21. Dhanyaka (Frt.) (Coriandrum sativum Linn.)
22. Dhataki (Fl.) (Woodfordia fruticosa (Linn.) Kurz.)
23. Eranda (Rt.) (Ricinus communis Linn.)
24. Gambhari (Rt. Bk.) (Gmelina arborea Roxb)
25. Goksura (Rt.) (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)
26. Goksura (Frt.) (Tribulus terrestris Linn.)
27. Guduci (St.) (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers.)
28. Guggulu (Exudate) (Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhand.)
29. Gunja (Sd.) (Abrus precatorius Linn.)
30. Haridra (Rz.) (Curcuma longa Linn.)
31. Haritaki (Frt.) (Terminalia chebula Retz.)
32. Hingu (Oleo-Gum-Resin) (Ferula foetida Regel.)
33. Jatamansi (Rz.) (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.)
34. Jatiphala (Sd.) (Myristica fragrans Houtt.)
35. Kampilla (Frt.) (Mallotus philippinensis Muell.-Arg.)
36. Kancanara (St. Bk.) (Bauhinia variegata Blume)
37. Kankola (Frt.) (Piper cubeba Linn. f.)
38. Kantakari (W.P.) (Solanum surattense Burm. f.)
39. Kanyasara (Lf.) (Aloe barbadensis Mill.)
40. Karanja (Sd.) (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr.)
41. Karavira (Lf.) (Nerium indicum Mill.)
42. Karkatasrngi (Gall) (Pistacia chinensis Burgo)
43. Karpasa (Sd.) (Gossypium herbaceum Linn.)
44. Kaseru (Rz.) (Scirpus kysoor Roxb.)
45. Ketaki (Rt.) (Pandanus tectorius Soland. ex Parkinson)
46. Khadira (Ht. Wd.) (Acacia catechu (Linn. f.) Willd.)
47. Kiratatikta (W.P.) (Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham.)
48. Krsnajiraka (Frt.) (Carum carvi Linn.)
49. Kulattha (Sd.) (Vigna unquiculata (Linn.) Walp.)
50. Kustha (Rt.) (Saussurea lappa C.B. Clarke)
51. Kutaja (St. Bk.) (Holarrhena antidysenterica (Roth) A. DC.)
52. Lavanga (Fl. Bud) (Syzygium aromaticum (Linn.) Merr. & M. Perry)
53. Lodhra (St. Bk.) (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.)
54. Madana (Frt.) (Xeromphis spinosa (Thunb.) Keay)
55. Misreya (Frt.) (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)
56. Nyagrodha (St. Bk.) (Ficus bengalensis Linn.)
57. Pasanabheda (Rz.) (Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.)
58. Patha (Rt.) (Cissampelos pareira Linn.)
59. Puga (Sd.) (Areca catechu Linn.)
60. Punarnava (Rakta) (W.P.) (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.)
61. Saptaparna (St. Bk.) (Alstonia scholaris (Linn.) R. Br.)
62. Sati (Rz.) (Hedychium spicatum Ham. ex Smith)
63. Snuhi (St.) (Euphorbia neriifolia Linn.)
64. Suksmaila (Frt.) (Elettaria cardamomum (Linn.) Maton)
65. Sunthi (Rz.) (Zingiber officinale Roxb.)
66. Svarnapatri (Lf.) (Cassia angustifolia Vahl.)
67. Svetajiraka (Frt.) (Cuminum cyminum Linn.)
68. Sveta Sariva (Rt.) (Hemidesmus indicus (Linn.) R. Br.)
69. Tagara (Rz.) (Valeriana wallichii DC.)
70. Tamalaki (Rt., St. & Lf.) (Phyllanthus fraternus Webst.)
71. Tvak (Bk.) (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume)
72. Tvakapatra (Lf.) (Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees & Eberm.)
73. Udumbara (Bk.) (Ficus racemosa Linn.)
74. Upakuncika (Sd.) (Nigella sativa Linn.)
75. Varuna (St. Bk.) (Crataeva nurvala Buch.-Ham.)
76. Vasa (Lf.) (Adhatoda vasica Nees)
77. Vidanga (Frt.) (Embelia ribes Burm. f.)
78. Vijaya (Lf.) (Cannabis sativa Linn.)
79. Yasti (Stn. & Rt.) (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)
80. Yavani (Frt.) (Trachyspermum ammi (Linn.) Sprague ex Turril. 

     

    1. Apparatus for tests and assays
       1. Testing of drugs
       2. Determination of quantitative data for vegetable drugs
       3. Limit tests
    2. Physical tests and determinations
    3. Reagents and solutions
    4. General informations
    5. A. Weights and measures. B. Approximate equivalents of doses in Indian system and metric system
    6. Classical Ayurvedic references
    7. Index

• Appendices :

English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic drugs and substances included therein (under the Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940.) The first volume contains 80 monographs dealing with Pharmacognostical, chemical and Ayurvedic standards of the plant drugs used in Ayurveda.

Vol II: Contents:

• Preface
• Introduction.
• Monographs :
  1. Akarakarabha (Rt.) (Anacyclus pyrethrum DC.)
  2. Aksoda (Cotldn.) (Juglans regia Linn.)
  3. Amrata (St. Bk) (Spondias pinnata Linn. f. Kurz.)
  4. Apamarga (W.P.) (Achyranthes aspera Linn.)
  5. Aparajita (Rt.) (Clitoria ternatea Linn.)
  6. Ardraka (Rz.) (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
  7. Arimeda (St.Bk.) (Acacia leucophloea Willd.)
  8. Arjuna (St.Bk.) (Terminalia arjuna W.& A.)
  9. Bhallataka (Fr.) Semecarpus anacardium Linn.)
  10. Bhrngaraja (W.P) (Eclipta alba Hassk.)
  11. Brahmi (W.P) (Bacopa monnieri (Linn.) Wettst.)
  12. Brhati (Rt.) (Solanum indicum Linn.)
  13. Cavya (St.) (Piper retrofractum Vahl.)
  14. Dadima (Sd.) (Punica granatum Linn.)
  15. Daruharidra (St.) (Berberis aristata DC.)
  16. Dronapuspi (W.P) (Leucas cephalotes Spreng.)
  17. Ervaru (Sd.) (Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duthie & Fuller.)
  18. Gajapippali (Fr.) (Scindapsus officinalis Schoott.)
  19. Gambhari (Fr.) (Gmelina arborea Roxb.)
  20. Gangeru (St.Bk.) (Grewia tenax (Forsk.) Aschers & Schwf.)
  21. Gunja (Rt.) (Abrus precatorius Linn.)
  22. Iksu (St.) (Saccharum officinarum Linn.)
  23. Indravaruni (Rt.) (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.)
  24. Indravaruni (Lf.) (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.)
  25. Jambu (Sd.) (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels)
  26. Jambu (St.Bk.) (Syzygium cuminii (Linn.) Skeels)
  27. Jayapala (Sd.) (Croton tiglium Linn.)
  28. Jayanti (Lf.) (Sesbania sesban (Linn.) Merr.)
  29. Jyotismati (Sd.) (Celastrus paniculatus Willd.)
  30. Kadamba (St.Bk.) (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.)
  31. Kakamaci (W.P.) (Solanum nigrum Linn.)
  32. Kamala (Fl.) (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
  33. Kapittha (Fr.Pulp) (Feronia limonia (Linn.) Swingle)
  34. Karamarda (St.Bk.) Carissa carandas Linn.)
  35. Karanja (Rt. Bk.) (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr.)
  36. Karanja (Rt.) (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr.)
  37. Karanja (St.Bk.) (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr.)
  38. Karanja (Lf.) (Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr.)
  39. Karavallaka (Fresh Fr.) (Momordica charantia Linn.)
  40. Katuka (Rz.) (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.)
  41. Kokilaksa (W.P.) (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.)
  42. Kokilaksa (Rt.) (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.)
  43. Kokilaksa (Sd.) (Asteracantha longifolia Nees.)
  44. Kozuppa (W.P.) (Portulaca oleracea Linn.)
  45. Lajjalu (W.P.) (Mimosa pudica Linn.)
  46. Madhuka (Fl.) (Madhuca indica J.F. Gmel.)
  47. Matsyaksi (W.P.) (Alternanthera sessilis (Linn.) R. Br.)
  48. Methi (Sd.) Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.)
  49. Mulaka (W.P.) (Raphanus sativus Linn.)
  50. Mulaka (Rt.) (Raphanus sativus Linn.)
  51. Mura (Rt.) (Selinum candollei DC.)
  52. Murva (Rt.) (Marsdenia tenacissima wight. & Arn.)
  53. Nagakesar (Stmn.) (Mesua ferrea Linn.)
  54. Nili (Lf.) (Indigofera tinctoria Linn.)
  55. Nili (Rt.) (Indigofera tinctoria Linn.)
  56. Nimba (Lf.) (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
  57. Nimba (St.Bk.) (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)
  58. Palasa (St.Bk.) (Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze.)
  59. Paribhadra (St.Bk.) (Erythrina indica Lam.)
  60. Pippalimula (Stm.) (Piper longum Linn.)
  61. Plaksa (St.Bk.) (Ficus lacor Buch. Ham.)
  62. Prasarini (W.P.) (Paederia foetida Linn.)
  63. Priyala (Sd.) (Buchanania lanzan Spreng.)
  64. Priyangu (Infl.) (Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.)
  65. Sali (Rt.) (Oryza sativa Linn.)
  66. Sankhapuspi (W.P.) (Convolvulus pluricaulis Choisy)
  67. Saptala (W.P.) (Euphorbia dracunculoides Lam.)
  68. Satahva (Fr.) (Anethum sowa Roxb. Ex Flem.)
  69. Sigru (Lf.) (Moringa oleifera Lam.)
  70. Sthulaela (Sd.) (Amomum subulatum Roxb.)
  71. Tejovati (St.Bk.) (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.)
  72. Tulasi (W.P.) (Ocimum sanctum Linn.)
  73. Tulasi (Lf.) (Ocimum sanctum Linn.)
  74. Vaca (Rz.) (Acorus calamus Linn.)
  75. Vatsanabha (Rt.) (Aconitum Chasmanthum Stapf Ex Holmes)
  76. Vidari (Tub.Rt.) (Pueraria tuberosa DC.)
  77. Yava (Fr.) (Hordeum vulgare Linn.)
  78. Yavasaka (W.P.) (Alhagi pseudalhagi (Bieb.) Desv.)
• Appendices :
  1. Apparatus for tests and assays.
     1. Testing of drugs
     2. Determination of quantitative data for vegetable drugs
     3. Limit tests
  2. Physical tests and determinations
  3. Reagents and solutions
     1. Weights and measures
     2. Approximate equivalents of doses in Indian system and metric system
  4. Classical Ayurvedic references
  5. Index

Vol III: Contents:

• Preface
• Introduction
• Monographs :
  1. Adhaki (Rt.) (Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp.)
  2. Agnimantha (Rt.) (Clerodendrum phlomidis Linn.)
  3. Ambasthaki (Rt.) (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.)
  4. Amra (Sd.) (Mangifera indica Linn.)
  5. Amra (St. Bk.) (Mangifera indica Linn.)
  6. Amrata (St.) (Spondias pinnata (Linn. f.) Kurz.)
  7. Apamarga (Rt.) (Achyranthes aspera Linn.)
  8. Aralu (St. Bk.) (Ailanthus excelsa Roxb.)
  9. Arka (St. Bk.) (Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br.)
  10. Asana (St. Bk.) (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.)
  11. Asthisamhrta (St.) (Cissus quadrangularis Linn.)
  12. Atmagupta (Sd.) (Mucuna prurita Hook.)
  13. Bharangi (Rt.) (Clerodendrum serratum Linn.)
  14. Bijapura (Fr. Frt.) (Citrus medica Linn.)
  15. Bilva (Rt.) (Aegle marmelos Corr.)
  16. Bimbi (W. P.) (Coccinia indica W. & A.)
  17. Cangeri (W.P.) (Oxalis corniculata Linn.)
  18. Cirabilva (Frt.) (Holoptelea integrifolia Planch.)
  19. Danti (Rt.) (Baliospermum montanum Muell-Arg.)
  20. Dhattura (Sd.) (Datura metel Linn.)
  21. Draksa (Frt.) (Vitis vinifera Linn.)
  22. Durva (Rt.) (Cynodon dactylon (Linn.) Pers.)
  23. Eranda (Fr. Lf.) (Ricinus communis Linn.)
  24. Eranda (Sd.) (Ricinus communis Linn.)
  25. Gambhari (St.) (Gmelina arborea Roxb.)
  26. Gojihva (Aerial Part) (Onosma bracteatum Wall.)
  27. Granthiparni (Rt.) (Leonotis nepetaefolia R. Br.)
  28. Hamsapadi (W.P.) (Adiantum lunulatum Burm.)
  29. Hapusa (Frt.) (Juniperus communis Linn.)
  30. Indravaruni (Frt.) (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.)
  31. Indrayava (Sd.) (Holarrhena antidysenterica Wall.)
  32. Isvari (Rt.) (Aristolochia indica Linn.)
  33. Jati (Lf.) (Jasminum officinale Linn.)
  34. Kadali (Fr. Rz.) (Musa paradisiaca Linn.)
  35. Kakajangha (Rt.) (Peristrophe bicalyculata Linn.)
  36. Kakanasika (Sd.) (Martynia annua Linn.)
  37. Kakoli (Tub. Rt.) (Lilium polyphyllum D. Don)
  38. Kamala (Rz.) (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.)
  39. Karavira (Rt.) (Nerium indicum Mill.)
  40. Karamarda (Rt.) (Carissa carandas Linn.)
  41. Kasa (Rt. Stock) (Saccharum spontaneum Linn.)
  42. Katphala (Frt.) (Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don)
  43. Katphala (St. Bk.) (Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don)
  44. Kola (Frt. Pulp.) (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.)
  45. Kola (St. Bk.) (Zizyphus jujuba Lam.)
  46. Kosataki (W.P.) (Luffa acutangula (Linn.) Roxb.)
  47. Kumuda (Fl.) (Nymphaea alba Linn.)
  48. Kusa (Rt. Stock) (Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf.)
  49. Langali (Tub. Rt.) (Gloriosa superba Linn.)
  50. Lasuna (Bulb) (Allium sativum Linn.)
  51. Mahabala (Rt.) (Sida rhombifolia Linn.)
  52. Manjistha (St.) (Rubia cordifolia Linn.)
  53. Marica (Frt.) (Piper nigrum Linn.)
  54. Masaparni (W.P.) (Teramnus labialis Spreng.)
  55. Masura (Sd.) (Lens culinaris Medic.)
  56. Mudga (Sd.) (Phaseolus radiatus Linn.)
  57. Mulaka (Sd.) (Raphanus sativus Linn.)
  58. Munditika (Lf.) (Sphaeranthus indicus Linn.)
  59. Musta (Rz.) (Cyperus rotundus Linn.)
  60. Nagavalli (Lf.) (Piper betle Linn.)
  61. Narikela (Endos.) (Cocos nucifera Linn.)
  62. Nicula (Frt.) (Barringtonia acutangula (Linn.) Gaertn.)
  63. Nili (W.P.) (Indigofera tinctoria Linn.)
  64. Nirgundi (Lf.) (Vitex negundo Linn.)
  65. Padmaka (Ht. Wd.) (Prunus cerasoides D. Don)
  66. Patala (Rt.) (Stereospermum suaveolens DC.)
  67. Phalgu (Frt.) (Ficus hispida Linn.)
  68. Phalgu (Rt.) (Ficus hispida Linn.)
  69. Prapunnada (Sd.) (Cassia tora Linn.)
  70. Raktacandana (Ht. Wd.) (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn.)
  71. Raktapunarnava (Rt.) (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn.)
  72. Ramasitalika (W.P.) (Amaranthus tricolor Linn.)
  73. Rasna (Lf) (Pluchea lanceolata Oliver & Hiem.)
  74. Sahacara (W.P.) (Barleria prionitis Linn.)
  75. Sahadevi (W.P.) (Vernonia cinerea Less.)
  76. Saileya (Lichen) (Parmelia perlata (Huds.) Ach.)
  77. Saka (Ht. Wd.) (Tectona grandis Linn. f.)
  78. Sakhotaka (St. Bk.) (Streblus asper Lour.)
  79. Salaparni (Rt.) (Desmodium gangeticum DC.)
  80. Sali (Frt.) (Oryza sativa Linn.)
  81. Salmali (St. Bk.) (Bombax ceiba Linn.)
  82. Sana (Sd.) (Crotolaria juncea Linn.)
  83. Sara (Rt.) (Saccharum bengalense Retz.)
  84. Sarala (Ht. Wd.) (Pinus roxburghii Sargent.)
  85. Sarala (Rt.) (Pinus roxburghii Sargent.)
  86. Sarsapa (Sd.) (Brassica campestris Linn.)
  87. Satapatrika (Fl.) (Rosa centifolia Linn.)
  88. Simsapa (Ht. Wd.) (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)
  89. Simsapa (St. Bk) (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.)
  90. Sirisa (St. Bk.) (Albizzia lebbeck Benth.)
  91. Sthauneya (Lf.) (Taxus baccata Linn.)
  92. Surana (Corm.) (Amorphophallus campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume)
  93. Svetacandana (Ht. Wd.) (Santalum album Linn.)
  94. Syonaka (Rt.) (Oroxylum indicum Vent.)
  95. Tala (Infl.) (Borassus flabellifer Linn.)
  96. Trivrt (Rt.) (Operculina turpethum (Linn.) Silva Manso)
  97. Tumbini (Fr. Frt.) (Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.)
  98. Udumbara (Frt.) (Ficus glomerata Roxb.)
  99. Usira (Rt.) (Vetiveria zizanioides (Linn.) Nash)
  100. Utpala (Fl.) (Nymphaea stellata Willd.).
• Appendices :
  1. Apparatus for tests and assays
     • A. Testing of drugs
     • B. Determination of quantitative data of vegetable drugs
     • C. Limit tests
  2. Physical tests and determinations
  3. Reagents and solutions
     • A. Weights and measures
     • B. Approximate equivalents of doses in Indian system and metric system
  4. Classical Ayurvedic references
  5. Index : English equivalents of Ayurvedic clinical conditions and diseases
  6. Definition of Rasa. Guna. Vipaka. Virya

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is the legal document of standards for the quality of drugs, substances and preparations included therein (under the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940). This 3 volume consists of 100 monographs of single drugs of plant origin. Pharmacognostical, chemical and ayurvedic standards of the parts of the plants used in Ayurveda are described in detail in each monograph.

Vol IV: Contents:

1. Preface
2. Introduction 
3. Monographs
4. Appendix 1: a. Apparatus for tests and assays
5. Appendix 2:
   • a. Testing of drugs
   • b. Determination of quantitative data for vegetable drugs
   • c. Limit tests
6. Appendix 3: a. Physical tests and determinations
7. Appendix 4: a. Reagents and solutions
8. Appendix 5
9. Appendix 6: a. Classical Ayurvedic references
10. Index.

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic drugs and substances included therein (under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940). This fourth volume, consists of 68 monographs on single drugs of plant origin. Pharmacognostical, chemical and Ayurvedic standards of the parts of the plants used in Ayurveda are described in detail in each monograph.

Each monograph describes macroscopic, microscopic characters along with their chemical standards of identity, permissible limit of foreign matter, purity and strength and have been developed on the protocol developed and approved by the Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee. It also prescribes about total ash value, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive and chromatographic pattern of TLC. All this work was carried out in Pharmacopoeial Laboratory of Indian Medicine (PLIM). The data has been finalised after confirmation of various samples obtained from different agro-climatic zones by the cross-section of experienced scientists in Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Committee and after careful scientific scrutiny. The standards have been consciously kept modest so that its implementation by the manufacturing companies becomes easily acceptable in order to maintain quality control and batch to batch uniformity. However, efforts of the manufacturers should be to maintain higher standards of quality.

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties like Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma etc. are also mentioned in each monograph along with their therapeutic uses, some of the important classical formulations and therapeutic dose.

Appendix of this volume contains the details of the protocols used in determination of various scientific standards. References of ancient Ayurvedic literature in its original form are added, in order to authenticate the Ayurvedic statements made in each monograph.

In the end, English equivalents of each Ayurvedic term have been given to make the volume user friendly for all people who work in the area of Ayurveda drugs and who are not conversant with Sanskrit/Ayurvedic terminology.

In general, this book is more user friendly for scientists, manufacturers, students involved in drug quality testings of Ayurvedic medicines, teachers of Dravyaguna, research scholars, physicians of Ayurveda and many others who have interest in the quality standards of Ayurvedic medicines.

This book is included in the first schedule of Drugs and Cosmetic Act, 1940. Manufacturers are required to follow pharmacopoeial standards as these are mandatory requirement under the Act.

Vol V:

The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India is a legal document of standards for the quality of Ayurvedic drugs and substances included therein (Under Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940). This fifth volume, consists of 92 monographs on single drugs of plant origin. Pharma-cognostical, chemical and Ayurvedic standards of the parts of the plants used in Ayurveda are described in detail in each monograph.

Each monograph describes macroscopic, microscopic characters along with their chemical standards identity, permissible limit of foreign matter purity & strength and have been developed on the protocol developed and approved by the Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia committee. It also prescribes about total ash value, acid insoluble ash, alcohol soluble extractive, water soluble extractive and thin layer chromatographic description (TLC). All this work was carried out by different scientific laboratories of CSIR, CCRAS, universities, academic institutions, Drug Testing Laboratory and Pharmacopoeial Laboratory of Indian Medicine (PLIM). The data has been finalised after confirmation of various samples obtained from different agro-climatic zones by the cross-section of experienced scientists in Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia committee and after careful scientific scrutiny. The standards have been consciously kept modest so that its  implementation by the manufacturing companies becomes easily acceptable in order to maintain quality control and batch to batch uniformity. However, efforts of the manufactures should be to maintain higher standards of quality.

Ayurvedic pharmacological properties like Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, etc. are also mentioned in each monograph along with their therapeutic uses, some of the important classical formulations and therapeutic dose.

Appendix of this volume contains the details of the protocols used in determination of various scientific standards. Reference of ancient Ayurvedic literature in its original form are added, in order to authenticate the Ayurvedic statements made in each monograph.

In the end, English equivalents of each Ayurvedic term have been given to make the volume user friendly for all people who work in the area of Ayurveda drugs and who are not conversant with Sanskrit/Ayurvedic terminology.

In general, this book is more user friendly for scientists, manufacturers, students involved in quality testings of Ayurvedic medicines, teachers of Dravyaguna, research scholars, physicians of Ayurveda and many others who have interest in the quality standards of Ayurvedic medicines.

This book is included in the first schedule of Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940. Manufacturers are required to follow pharmacopoeial standards as these are mandatory requirements under the act.